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<title>Los Roques Archipelago</title>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Los Roques Archipelago</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the reef in The Bahamas, see <a href="Los_Roques_(Cay_Sal_Bank)" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Roques (Cay Sal Bank)">Los Roques (Cay Sal Bank)</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Los Roques Archipiélago</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="ib-islands-native"><a href="Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Native name</a>: <div class="nickname"><i>Dependencia Federal Archipiélago Los Roques</i></div></div><div class="ib-islands-nick">Nickname: <i>Los Roques</i></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid white;width:320px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:white;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Location in the Leeward Antilles</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1291884410">

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</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:7.601%;left:43.862%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Los Roques Archipiélago"></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Los Roques Archipiélago</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Venezuela</span></div></div></div><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.869%;left:74.979%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Los Roques Archipiélago"></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div>Los Roques Archipiélago</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Caribbean</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">

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</style><span class=" nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="geo:11.8575,-66.7575"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">11°51′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">66°45′27″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">11.85750°N 66.75750°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">11.85750; -66.75750</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Archipelago</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="Leeward_Antilles" title="Leeward Antilles">Leeward Antilles</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Total islands</th><td class="infobox-data">350</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major islands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Gran_Roque" title="Gran Roque">Gran Roque</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">40.61 km<sup>2</sup> (15.68 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">120 m (390 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data">Cerro El Cabezón</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela"></a></span></span></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="Federal_dependencies_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal dependencies of Venezuela">Federal dependencies of Venezuela</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest settlement</th><td class="infobox-data">Gran Roque</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">3,100 (2014)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pop. density</th><td class="infobox-data">44.32/km<sup>2</sup> (114.79/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #8DE3D2; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;">

<a href="Ramsar_Convention" title="Ramsar Convention">Ramsar Wetland</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Parque Nacional Archipiélago Los Roques</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">4 September 1996</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference no.</th><td class="infobox-data">856<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2">

</th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">

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<p>The <b>Los Roques Archipelago</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Spanish: <i>Archipiélago de Los Roques</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="Federal_dependencies_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal dependencies of Venezuela">federal dependency</a> of <a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> consisting of approximately 350 <a href="Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands">islands</a>, <a href="Cays" class="mw-redirect" title="Cays">cays</a>, and <a href="Islets" class="mw-redirect" title="Islets">islets</a> in a total area of 40.61 km<sup>2</sup> (15.68 sq mi). The archipelago is located 128 km (80 mi) directly north of the port of <a href="La_Guaira" title="La Guaira">La Guaira</a>, in the <a href="Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>.

</p><p>The islands' pristine <a href="Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> attracts many wealthy visitors, especially from Europe, some of whom come in their own yachts and anchor in the inner, protected shallow waters. Development and tourism are controlled.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3></div>

<p>Its first settlers were the Caribbean <a href="Indigenous_peoples" title="Indigenous peoples">aborigines</a> who visited the islands to collect botutos, fish, hunt turtles and extract salt. There are still some constructions of salt flats with dikes, stone paths and remains of houses that were created at this time known as the time of exploitation of salt. But the permanent occupation arises with the arrival of fishermen from Margarita Island, who were bringing their families and settling in Los Roques.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_colony">Spanish colony</h3></div>

<p>The islands were sighted by early <a href="Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish navigators</a>, and in 1589 the governor of the Venezuelan province ordered the formal takeover of these islands on behalf of the colony.

</p><p>The Dutch considered Los Roques to belong to their island territory of <a href="Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> because of its proximity to <a href="Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a> which also belonged to the Dutch. The author M.D. Teenstra in 1836 still writes (in his book <i>The Dutch West Indies</i>): "The Government of Curaçao also includes the uninhabited islets and rocks Little Curaçao, Aves, Roques and Orchilla."

</p><p>In the 18th century, the Sociedad Mercantil Real Compañía Guipuzcoana was established on the islands and the first islands of the archipelago (<a href="Gran_Roque" title="Gran Roque">Gran Roque</a>, Carenero, Cayo Sal, etc.) were given their names. Also at that time, temporary fishermen began to arrive, and in the 19th century the exploitation of salt mines and <a href="Guano" title="Guano">guano</a> began.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independent_Venezuela">Independent Venezuela</h3></div>

<p>In 1871 the Venezuelan president <a href="Antonio_Guzm%C3%A1n_Blanco" title="Antonio Guzmán Blanco">Antonio Guzmán Blanco</a> created by decree the <i>Territorio Colón</i> (Columbus Territory) which included Los Roques and other adjacent islands. The island of Gran Roque was named as the center of territorial government.

</p><p>Around the year 1886 there is reference to the arrival of inhabitants coming from the nearby Netherlands Antilles, Aruba, Curaçao, etc. They left as a legacy some of the exotic names given to some islands or keys (for example Francisquí, Madrisquí, Krasquí, Selesquí). The suffix "quí" corresponds to the English term (and other languages) "key", which means Island.

</p><p>At the beginning of the 20th century an epidemic of bubonic plague in La Guaira caused the Venezuelan government to authorise the use of the island of Gran Roque as a quarantine site.

</p><p>In 1910, the town of Gran Roque began to consolidate with families from <a href="Margarita_Island" title="Margarita Island">Margarita Island</a>, mainly fishermen.

</p><p>On 20 July 1938 the islands were integrated into the <a href="Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies of Venezuela</a>. The small population of 484 that inhabited it in 1941 grew to 559 in the year 1950.

</p><p>Because of the wide variety of <a href="Seabirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Seabirds">seabirds</a> and rich <a href="Aquatic_ecosystem" title="Aquatic ecosystem">aquatic life</a>, the Venezuelan government declared Los Roques a <a href="National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="National Park">National Park</a> in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After its declaration as a national park, the Los Roques scientific foundation (Fundación Científica de Los Roques) was created, which established its laboratories and facilities on the island of Dos Mosquises, to carry out works on archeology, fish, turtles, mollusks, corals, sponges, fishing and oceanography.

</p><p>In 1978 the marine delimitation agreement between Venezuela and the <a href="Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> was signed.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1987, the Los Roques Scientific Foundation carried out a registry, which allowed them to conclude that there were 847 inhabitants in Gran Roque. Only 663 of these were permanent inhabitants, and the remainder were sailors residing on Isla Margarita.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autonomy">Autonomy</h3></div>

<p>In order to give greater dynamism to its administration and promote the sustainable development of the islands on 2 November 1990, according to Presidential Decree 1214, the figure of the Single Authority of Los Roques Area (<i>Autoridad Única de Área</i>) was created, which would continue as part of the Federal Dependencies but with a special administrative status.

</p><p>In October 2011 all the islands of the Los Roques archipelago are integrated to the Miranda Insular Territory (<i>Territorio Insular Francisco de Miranda</i>) according to presidential decree 8549 of 1 November 2011, published in the official gazette N° 39797, a subdivision of the Federal Dependencies with capital in Gran Roque.

</p><p>In 2012 the <a href="Navy_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Navy of Venezuela">Venezuelan National Navy</a> named a <a href="Damen_Stan_Lander_5612" title="Damen Stan Lander 5612">Damen Stan Lander 5612</a> landing craft after the islands. In 2012, the Organic Regulations of the Head of Government of the Insular Territory of Miranda were approved, which establishes the organization of the government in Los Roques, La Orchila and Las Aves.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014 the government of the Territory together with the inhabitants of Los Roques established the Norms of Communal Coexistence of the Insular Territory Francisco de Miranda in the Archipelago of Los Roques.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In September 2019<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a new airport was inaugurated in Los Roques, with an expanded runway, new facilities with a national and international area, waiting room and other related structures.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div>

<p>The major islands of the archipelago have an atoll structure, with two external barriers formed by coral communities, and an inner lagoon and sandy shallows. The park consists of 40.61 km<sup>2</sup> (15.68 sq mi), 1,500 km<sup>2</sup> (580 sq mi) of coral reefs, 42 coral cays surrounding a shallow central lagoon of 400 km<sup>2</sup> (150 sq mi), two barrier reefs (24 km (15 mi) east and 32 km (20 mi) south) and 300 sand banks, islands and cays, ranging in size from Cayo Grande (15.1 km<sup>2</sup> (5.8 sq mi)) to the Gran Roque (1.7 km<sup>2</sup> (0.66 sq mi)).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other important islands are <a href="Cayos_Francisqu%C3%AD" title="Cayos Francisquí">Francisqui</a>, Nordisqui, <a href="Madrisqu%C3%AD" title="Madrisquí">Madrisquí</a>, and Crasqui.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div>

<p>The climate is warm and dry, with average annual temperature of 27.3 °C (81.1 °F) in July and August, reaches a maximum of 34 °, and between September and January are presented occasional rain, with relative humidity 83% annually. Rainfall is 256.6 mm (10.10 in) / year; minimum 6.6 mm (0.26 in) (April) and maximum 52.2 mm (2.06 in) (November).

</p><p>The <a href="Wind" title="Wind">wind</a> blows constantly throughout the year, tempering the heat. The amount of sunlight in Los Roques is good throughout the year, as clear skies prevail.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zones_of_the_national_park">Zones of the national park</h3></div>

<p>As a result of its declaration as a national park in 1972,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a protection plan was created, which establishes certain regulations on the island to preserve the state of these ecosystems. This plan is known as zoning, which consists of the separation of zones management,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which are protected depending on their fragility and importance, and depending on this certain activities are allowed. Which means that the more protection an area has, the fewer activities will be allowed

</p>

<p>The Archipelago de Los Roques national park has seven management zones, the Integral Protection zone, the Primitive Marina, the Managed Natural Environment, Recreation Zone, of Cultural Historical Interest and Archeopaleontology, Services zone and Special Use zone. These zones are:

</p>

<ul><li>The <b>Integral Protection</b> area, which is the most protected, and which includes the following keys: Sebastopol, Esparquí, Boca de Cote, (for its coral reefs and interesting mangroves); Los Canquises, (for the flamingos and other colonies of seabirds that breed there); Selesqui, (for being an important breeding area for sea turtles and seabirds), and Isla Larga (for the extensive coral reefs, colonies of <a href="Seabirds" class="mw-redirect" title="Seabirds">seabirds</a>, turtles that use this island for their <a href="Reproduction" title="Reproduction">reproduction</a>). Only <a href="Scientific_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a> is allowed in this area, with prior authorization of the national park authorities.</li>

<li>The second zone called the <b>Primitiva Marina</b> zone comprises the waters around these keys, in addition to the eastern barrier and the keys Sal, <a href="Dos_Mosquises" title="Dos Mosquises">Dos Mosquises</a>, Carenero, <a href="Cayo_de_Agua" title="Cayo de Agua">Cayo de Agua</a> and <a href="Cayos_Bequev%C3%A9" title="Cayos Bequevé">Bequevé</a>, because they are considered ecologically sensitive areas. The activities allowed in this area are boating, sailing and motor <a href="Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a> along the indicated routes, swimming, <a href="Snorkelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Snorkelling">snorkelling</a>, scuba diving, sport fishing, hiking on marked trails and visiting and observing nature. in groups of no more than 15 people.</li></ul>

<ul><li>The <b>Managed Natural Environment</b> zone that encompasses all the keys and peripheral waters of the archipelago and where the same activities as in the Primitiva Marina zone are allowed.</li>

<li>The <b>Recreation</b>, <b>Services</b> and <b>Special Use</b> areas are all those keys that have already been intervened, such as the <a href="Gran_Roque" title="Gran Roque">Gran Roque</a>, the <a href="Navigation" title="Navigation">navigation</a> channel and the Dos Mosquises key. In this area all the activities mentioned above are allowed, as well as <a href="Camping" title="Camping">camping</a> with their respective permission from the authorities and water sports.</li>

<li>The <b>Historical <a href="Culture" title="Culture">Cultural Interest</a> and Archeopaleontology</b> area that protects all those areas where archaeological finds have been made, some examples of this area are: Bequevé, Cayo de Agua, Dos Mosquises, Noronquí, Cayo Sal and Los Canquises.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3></div>

<p>There are several <a href="Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> species: <i><a href="Rhizophora_mangle" title="Rhizophora mangle">Rhizophora mangle</a></i>, <i><a href="Avicennia_germinans" title="Avicennia germinans">Avicennia germinans</a></i>, <i><a href="Laguncularia_racemosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Laguncularia racemosa">Laguncularia racemosa</a></i> and <i><a href="Conocarpus_erectus" title="Conocarpus erectus">Conocarpus erectus</a></i>, extensive <a href="Seagrass" title="Seagrass">seagrass</a> meadows (<i><a href="Thalassia_testudinum" title="Thalassia testudinum">Thalassia testudinum</a></i>), <a href="Halophyte" title="Halophyte">halophyte</a> species such as glass grass, red purslane or beach bell (<i><a href="Sesuvium_portulacastrum" title="Sesuvium portulacastrum">Sesuvium portulacastrum</a></i>), <a href="Cactus" title="Cactus">cacti</a> such as a prickly pear cactus or guasábara (<i>Opuntia caribea</i>) and a crop or melon cactus (<i>Melocactus caesius</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3></div>

<p>Due to extreme environmental conditions and a lack of fresh water, land animals are rare. The list is limited to a few species of <a href="Iguanas" class="mw-redirect" title="Iguanas">iguanas</a> and <a href="Lizards" class="mw-redirect" title="Lizards">lizards</a>, <a href="Spiders" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiders">spiders</a> and <a href="Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects">insects</a>. The <a href="Greater_bulldog_bat" title="Greater bulldog bat">greater bulldog bat</a> is the only indigenous land mammal.

</p>

<p>It is in the water where the immense richness becomes evident:<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 280 species of <a href="Fish" title="Fish">fish</a>, 200 species of <a href="Crustaceans" class="mw-redirect" title="Crustaceans">crustaceans</a>, 140 species of <a href="Mollusks" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusks">mollusks</a>, 61 species of <a href="Corals" class="mw-redirect" title="Corals">corals</a>, 60 species of <a href="Sponges" class="mw-redirect" title="Sponges">sponges</a> and 45 species of <a href="Sea_urchins" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea urchins">sea urchins</a> and <a href="Starfish" title="Starfish">starfish</a>. Dolphins, whales, <a href="Manta_ray" title="Manta ray">manta rays</a> and <a href="Sea_turtle" title="Sea turtle">sea turtles</a> abound. Four types of <a href="Threatened_species" title="Threatened species">threatened</a> turtles regularly nest in the archipelago: <a href="Loggerhead_sea_turtle" title="Loggerhead sea turtle">loggerhead</a>, green, <a href="Leatherback_sea_turtle" title="Leatherback sea turtle">leatherback</a> and <a href="Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">hawksbill sea turtles</a>. This coastline shelters in its waters coral reefs with a wide diversity of species. In Los Roques National Park, nine different types of octocorals are located. The low concentration of octocorals is possibly due to the deeper average subsidence of the atolls in Los Roques.

</p><p>The reef of Sebastopol Lagoon in Archipelago Los Roques, is an area that has been previously identified as a nursery area for <a href="Lemon_shark" title="Lemon shark">lemon sharks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most representative animals are the <a href="Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">green sea turtle</a>, <a href="Aliger_gigas" title="Aliger gigas">pink queen conch</a>, <a href="Panulirus_argus" title="Panulirus argus">spiny lobster</a>, typical coral reef fish and 92 species of birds.

</p><p>Los Roques is a meeting point for some 50 species of <a href="Bird_migration" title="Bird migration">migratory</a> birds from North America. Among the most frequent birds are the <a href="Brown_pelican" title="Brown pelican">brown pelican</a>, <a href="Red-footed_booby" title="Red-footed booby">red-footed</a> and <a href="Brown_booby" title="Brown booby">brown boobies</a>, and the <a href="Laughing_gull" title="Laughing gull">laughing gull</a> or guanaguanare. Flocks of <a href="American_flamingo" title="American flamingo">American flamingos</a> are often seen. The archipelago, along with its surrounding waters, has been designated an <a href="Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> because it supports significant populations of many bird species.<sup id="cite_ref-bli_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bli-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2></div>

<p>Los Roques is a Federal Dependency that is administered directly by officials appointed by the central or federal government of Venezuela.

</p><p>Between 1990 and 2011 the central government appointed a director for the Single Area Authority (<i>Autoridad Única de Área</i>) within the Federal Dependencies, but that last year the central government created the figure of the Miranda Insular Territory (<i>Territorio Insular</i>) that encompasses not only Los Roques but <a href="La_Orchila" class="mw-redirect" title="La Orchila">La Orchila</a> and <a href="Las_Aves_Archipelago" title="Las Aves Archipelago">Las Aves Archipelago</a>.

</p><p>The headquarters of the head of government (<i>Jefe de Gobierno</i>) of the insular territory is the island of <a href="Gran_Roque" title="Gran Roque">Gran Roque</a> to the north of the Los Roques Archipelago.

</p><p>Additionally in the island there are dependencies of other public organisms such as Inparques (<i>National Parks Institute</i>) since the archipelago is a national park and the National Guard of Venezuela (<i>Guardia Nacional</i>).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Executive_Power">Executive Power</h3></div>

<p>According to the provisions of the Organic Regulations of the Head of Government of the Miranda Island Territory, it is composed of a Head of Government, a Secretary of Government, a legal consultancy and various secretariats, coordinating offices and sub-secretariats. The head of government is an official of free appointment and removal by the president of Venezuela. He remains in office as long as he enjoys the confidence of the central government.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_power">Legislative power</h3></div>

<p>Los Roques archipelago has no legislative power of its own. Being part of the Insular Territory of Miranda (a subdivision of the Federal Dependencies of Venezuela) its budget and laws are established by the central or national government of Venezuela, through the national assembly based in Caracas, which sets the budget and controls the action of the government.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div>

<p>The archipelago is sparsely populated, having about 1,500 permanent inhabitants; however it receives approximately 70,000 visitors a year, many of them day-visitors who come from <a href="Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> and the mainland.

</p><p>The population of the Roques concentrates mainly on the island of Gran Roque and to a lesser extent its adjacent islets. In 1941, the population was estimated at 484 people. In 1950 it reached 559, and in 1987 663 permanent inhabitants. According to the Venezuelan census of 2001 1,209 inhabitants were counted. By 2008 it is estimated that the number inhabitants to be around 1,800.

</p><p>Its growth is limited because of restrictions involving the declaration as a national park in the 1970s. Most of the population is of Margariteño origin who came to the islands mainly to engage in fishing. Since the early twentieth century there has been a small influx of foreigners (mostly Italian).

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2></div>

<p>Tourism in Los Roques has had a significant boom in recent decades,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before 1990 this territory was not exploited as a tourist destination.

</p><p>Originally outsiders, wealthy <a href="Venezuelans" title="Venezuelans">Venezuelans</a> from <a href="Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a> and <a href="Alien_(law)" title="Alien (law)">foreigners</a>, who could buy houses within the park, managed the few existing cabins. Access was restricted to light aircraft or private boats. Aerotuy was the only commercial airline operating in Los Roques at the time.

</p><p>Currently there are more than 60 hostels, 50 travel agencies and six airlines all concentrated on the island of <a href="Gran_Roque" title="Gran Roque">Gran Roque</a>, which is part of the recreational sector where it is authorized to carry out this type of building.

</p><p>At the beginning of the tourist boom, 60% of the visitors were of other nationalities, most of them from the United States, Italy, Spain, Brazil, Argentina, Germany, France and the United Kingdom, however some Venezuelans also visit the park, over all those, of course, with greater <a href="Purchasing_power" title="Purchasing power">purchasing power</a> due to the high services prices.

</p><p>Of all the tourists who visit Los Roques, 95% of them arrive by plane while the rest travel by boat. Staying on a sailboat is another option but it is expensive. The cheapest option is camping in the designated areas of INPARQUES. Although Los Roques has a variety of accommodation options, 96% of tourists stay in posadas, 3% in sailboats and less than 1% in camps.

</p><p>For <a href="Underwater_diving" title="Underwater diving">divers</a>, the Los Roques barrier reef is one of the best preserved in the Caribbean. The warm, clear water offers excellent visibility allowing divers of all skill levels the opportunity to see the great diversity of fish species and colorful aquatic plant life, both during the day and during night dives.

</p><p>Los Roques also offers several islands suitable for <a href="Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">Windsurfing</a> and <a href="Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">Kitesurfing</a> as the wind blows constantly throughout the year. In Gran Roque you can rent equipment and find guides and instructors for all activities.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3></div>

<p><a href="El_Gran_Roque" class="mw-redirect" title="El Gran Roque">El Gran Roque</a> is the only populated island in the group. It has an airport suitable for small or <a href="STOL" title="STOL">STOL</a> aircraft, <a href="Los_Roques_Airport" title="Los Roques Airport">Los Roques Airport</a>. The airport is controlled from the <a href="Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_International_Airport_(Venezuela)" title="Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)">Maiquetía Airport</a> on the mainland.

</p><p>From El Gran Roque most visitors that arrive, go to the port and travel to the keys in small boats called "peñeros" from 9:00 am to 4:00 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attractions">Attractions</h3></div>

<p>Activities include fishing<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="Bonefish" title="Bonefish">bonefish</a>, <a href="Barracuda" title="Barracuda">barracuda</a>, <a href="Tarpon" title="Tarpon">tarpon</a>, <a href="Carangidae" title="Carangidae">jack</a>, and <a href="Spanish_mackerel" title="Spanish mackerel">Spanish mackerel</a>), birding, <a href="Snorkeling" title="Snorkeling">snorkeling</a>, diving, paddling, <a href="Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfing</a>, and <a href="Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kitesurfing</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and there is a sea turtle research center located on Dos Mosquises. Accommodations include Pez Raton Lodge, a property primarily used to host fishing guests, Posada Mediterraneo, a five-room inn which accommodates non-fishing guests, and dozens more like El Canto de la Ballena and Posada La Gaviota.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies of Venezuela</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_marine_molluscs_of_Venezuela" title="List of marine molluscs of Venezuela">List of marine molluscs of Venezuela</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_national_parks_of_Venezuela" title="List of national parks of Venezuela">List of national parks of Venezuela</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sponges_of_Venezuela" title="List of sponges of Venezuela">List of sponges of Venezuela</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Instituto Nacional de Parques (INPAQUES). Archipiélago de Los Roques. <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080424204206/http://www.inparques.gob.ve/index.php?parques=view&codigo=pn_0009&sec=2">"Instituto Nacional de Parques - Home"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inparques.gob.ve/index.php?parques%3Dview%26codigo%3Dpn_0009%26sec%3D2">the original</a> on 24 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vila, Marco Aurelio. 1967: Aspectos geográficos de las Dependencias Federales. Corporación Venezolana de Fomento. Caracas. 115p.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cervigon, Fernando. 1995: Las Dependencias Federales. Academia Nacional de la Historia. Caracas. 193p.</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hernández Caballero, Serafín (Editor). 1998: Gran Enciclopedia de Venezuela. Editorial Globe, C.A. Caracas. 10 volúmenes. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>980-6427-00-9</bdi> <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>980-6427-10-6</bdi></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZamarro2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zamarro, Javier (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=94K7AAAAIAAJ&q=zonas+de+los+roques"><i>Guía del Parque Nacional Archipiélago Los Roques</i></a> (in Spanish). Ecograph.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMasters2018" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Masters, Tom (26 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z4NKDwAAQBAJ&q=zonas+de+los+roques&pg=PA990"><i>Sudamérica para mochileros 3. Venezuela</i></a> (in Spanish). Grupo Planeta. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-84-08-18634-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLinneweber2013" class="citation book cs1">Linneweber, Volker (29 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-NytBAAAQBAJ&q=los+roques+archipelago+mangroves&pg=PT99"><i>Mangrove Ecosystems: Function and Management</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-3-662-04713-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZamarro2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zamarro, Javier (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=94K7AAAAIAAJ&q=los+roques+archipelago+fauna"><i>Guía del Parque Nacional Archipiélago Los Roques</i></a> (in Spanish). Ecograph.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTavares2020" class="citation journal cs1">Tavares, Rafael (August 2020). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioone.org/journals/caribbean-journal-of-science/volume-50/issue-1/cjos.v50i1.a17/Survival-Estimates-of-Juvenile-Lemon-Sharks-Based-on-Tag-recapture/10.18475/cjos.v50i1.a17.full">"Survival Estimates of Juvenile Lemon Sharks Based on Tag-recapture Data at Los Roques Archipelago, Southern Caribbean"</a></span>. <i>Caribbean Journal of Science</i>. <b>50</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">171–</span>177. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18475%2Fcjos.v50i1.a17">10.18475/cjos.v50i1.a17</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0008-6452">0008-6452</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221472084">221472084</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-bli-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bli_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/14923">"Los Roques Archipelago National Park"</a>. <i>BirdLife Data Zone</i>. BirdLife International. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NDMmAQAAMAAJ&q=los+roques+archipelago+tourism"><i>Caribbean Tourism Statistical Report</i></a>. Caribbean Tourism Research and Development Centre. 1997. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-976-601-011-9</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eluniversal.com/guia-turistica/150531/los-roques">"Lionel Messi tendrá su propia serie animada"</a>. 3 June 2023.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GwhKAAAAYAAJ&q=los+roques+fishing"><i>Contributions in Marine Science</i></a>. Port Aransas Marine Laboratory, University of Texas Marine Science Institute. 2005.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMaddicks2011" class="citation book cs1">Maddicks, Russell (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1pnZHGawJy0C&q=los+roques+kitesurfing&pg=PA81"><i>Venezuela: The Bradt Travel Guide</i></a>. Bradt Travel Guides. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-84162-299-6</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Los_Roques_archipelago" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Los Roques archipelago">Los Roques archipelago</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Los_Roques#Q318678" class="extiw external" title="wikivoyage:Los Roques">Los Roques</a></b></i>.</div></div>

</div>

<p><span class="languageicon">(in Spanish)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.los-roques.org">National Park Institute, Venezuela</a>

</p>

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</style><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Venezuela331" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Administrative_divisions_of_Venezuela" title="Administrative divisions of Venezuela">Administrative divisions of Venezuela</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Capital_District_(Venezuela)" title="Capital District (Venezuela)">Capital District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Caracas" title="Caracas">Caracas</a></li></ul>

</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="States_of_Venezuela" title="States of Venezuela">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Amazonas_(Venezuelan_state)" title="Amazonas (Venezuelan state)">Amazonas</a></li>

<li><a href="Anzo%C3%A1tegui" title="Anzoátegui">Anzoátegui</a></li>

<li><a href="Apure" title="Apure">Apure</a></li>

<li><a href="Aragua" title="Aragua">Aragua</a></li>

<li><a href="Barinas_(state)" title="Barinas (state)">Barinas</a></li>

<li><a href="Bol%C3%ADvar_(state)" title="Bolívar (state)">Bolívar</a></li>

<li><a href="Carabobo" title="Carabobo">Carabobo</a></li>

<li><a href="Cojedes_(state)" title="Cojedes (state)">Cojedes</a></li>

<li><a href="Delta_Amacuro" title="Delta Amacuro">Delta Amacuro</a></li>

<li><a href="Falc%C3%B3n" title="Falcón">Falcón</a></li>

<li><a href="Gu%C3%A1rico" title="Guárico">Guárico</a></li>

<li><a href="Vargas_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vargas (state)">La Guaira</a></li>

<li><a href="M%C3%A9rida_(state)" title="Mérida (state)">Mérida</a></li>

<li><a href="Miranda_(state)" title="Miranda (state)">Miranda</a></li>

<li><a href="Monagas" title="Monagas">Monagas</a></li>

<li><a href="Nueva_Esparta" title="Nueva Esparta">Nueva Esparta</a></li>

<li><a href="Portuguesa_(state)" title="Portuguesa (state)">Portuguesa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sucre_(state)" title="Sucre (state)">Sucre</a></li>

<li><a href="T%C3%A1chira" title="Táchira">Táchira</a></li>

<li><a href="Trujillo_(state)" title="Trujillo (state)">Trujillo</a></li>

<li><a href="Yaracuy" title="Yaracuy">Yaracuy</a></li>

<li><a href="Zulia" title="Zulia">Zulia</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Los_Monjes_Archipelago" title="Los Monjes Archipelago">Los Monjes Archipelago</a></li>

<li><a href="Las_Aves_Archipelago" title="Las Aves Archipelago">Las Aves Archipelago</a></li>

<li><a href="Isla_de_Aves" title="Isla de Aves">Aves Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Los_Hermanos_Archipelago" title="Los Hermanos Archipelago">Los Hermanos Archipelago</a></li>

<li><a href="Los_Frailes_Archipelago" title="Los Frailes Archipelago">Los Frailes Archipelago</a></li>

<li><a href="La_Sola_Island" title="La Sola Island">La Sola Island</a></li>

<li><a href="La_Tortuga_Island" title="La Tortuga Island">La Tortuga Island</a></li>

<li><a href="La_Orchila_Island" title="La Orchila Island">La Orchila Island</a></li>

<li><a href="La_Blanquilla_Island" title="La Blanquilla Island">La Blanquilla Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Los_Testigos_Islands" title="Los Testigos Islands">Los Testigos Islands</a></li>

<li><a href="Patos_Island_(Venezuela)" title="Patos Island (Venezuela)">Patos Island</a></li>

<li><i>Francisco de Miranda Insular Territory</i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Regions_of_Venezuela" title="Regions of Venezuela">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Andean_Region%2C_Venezuela" title="Andean Region, Venezuela">Andean</a></li>

<li><a href="Capital_Region%2C_Venezuela" title="Capital Region, Venezuela">Capital</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Region%2C_Venezuela" title="Central Region, Venezuela">Central</a></li>

<li><a href="Central-Western_Region%2C_Venezuela" title="Central-Western Region, Venezuela">Central-Western</a></li>

<li><a href="Eastern_Region%2C_Venezuela" title="Eastern Region, Venezuela">Eastern</a></li>

<li><a href="Guayana_Region%2C_Venezuela" title="Guayana Region, Venezuela">Guayana</a></li>

<li><a href="Insular_Region%2C_Venezuela" title="Insular Region, Venezuela">Insular</a></li>

<li><a href="Llanos_Region%2C_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Llanos Region, Venezuela">Llanos</a></li>

<li><a href="Zulian_Region%2C_Venezuela" title="Zulian Region, Venezuela">Zulian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">Disputed state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_dispute" title="Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute">Guayana Esequiba</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Federal_Territories_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Territories of Venezuela">Federal Territories</a>

<ul><li><a href="Amazonas_Federal_Territory" title="Amazonas Federal Territory">Amazonas Federal Territory</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1864–1992)</span></li>

<li><a href="Delta_Amacuro_Federal_Territory" title="Delta Amacuro Federal Territory">Delta Amacuro Federal Territory</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(1884–1991)</span></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup>1</sup> Claimed by <a href="Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> but administered by <a href="Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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